People who live in the city do not have to worry about wells.
The city supplies them with water. But out in the country and in some suburbs,
obtaining a water supply may be quite a problem. Such water may come from a
spring is water that flows from a natural opening in the ground.
During each rainfall, part of the water soaks into the soil
and rocks through small spaces and cracks and is pulled down by gravity as far
the openings in the rocks will allow. At different levels below the surface of
the land there is a zone where all the openings in the rocks are completely filed
with water. This is called "the underground zone". The upper surface of it is
called "the water table".
In valleys or other low places in the land surface, below
the water tables, springs occur where there are cracks in the rocks. In other
words, the water that has been stored up there escapes as spring water. Some springs
flow all year because they receive water from deep within the ground-water
zone.
Other springs flow only in the rainy season, when the water
tables is at its highest level. An artesian well is formed when a layer of
loose rock, gravel, or sand has spaces to hold the water. So we have three
layers–solid rock above and below, and a porous layer that is like a pipe
between them. These three layers are not horizontal, they lie at an angle.
Water enters the middle layer at the top end farther down,
if an opening is made, there is pressure that makes the water spurt out and we
have an artesian well.
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